Incidence, characteristics and laboratory parameters of epistaxis in children with β-Thalassemia major at a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Punjab, Pakistan.

Objective: To find out the incidence, characteristics and laboratory parameters of epistaxis in children with β-thalassemia major visiting a tertiary healthcare facility South Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department Hematological Disorder, Thalassemia Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, Biochemistry, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Quaid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Period: January 2021 to November 2022. Material & Methods: The hospital record both genders aged from 2 18 years age blood transfusion dependent was analyzed. Children reporting at least 1 episode preceding period were included final analysis findings presenting epistaxis. Results: Out 3772 major, 85 reported showing incidence as 22.5/1,000 cases major. mean time enrollment diagnosis thalassemia 9.93±3.48 1.23±1.26 respectively. monthly frequency 1.71±0.75 transfusions per month. be 2.35±1.71 while 59 (69.4%) had or more than episodes serum ferritin level noted 4058±2173 ng/ml. Ultrasonography revealed spleen size 9.25±5.80 cm. Conclusion: among very high. Chronic iron-overload seemed common abnormality that should addressed potentially reduce risk these children.